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For a small manufacturer of furniture the inventory will consist of raw material (wood, cloth, screws, glue etc.), semi-finished items (table tops, cupboard doors etc.) and a proportion of finished items that have not yet been dispatched.
As a going concern the accounts reflect the historic costs of these materials, including labor expended, and not their market value. In the event of liquidation, however, the price that the bank would obtain from a sale of these assets is likely to be well below that of their actual cost and book value.
When the inventory is technology based and there is a sudden build-up of inventory the value of the inventory is likely to fall rapidly as a result of obsolescence. Most manufacturers of Internet infrastructure equipment failed to forecast the sharp fall in demand that took place when the technology boom of the 1990s came to its abrupt halt. These companies were forced to write down the value of the subsequent inventory build-up and one major US company alone wrote off more than $3bn in one quarter.